All coding works, photo, coding works and texts by Ming Ying Chung or Phil Chung appearing in SMI digital studio are the exclusive property of Ming Ying Chung and are protected under United States and international copyright laws.  The photographs appearing in this web site by other contributing photographers are similarly protected in their names. The photographs may not be reproduced, copied, stored or manipulated for commercial or editorial purposes without written permission of their author(s), however Ming Ying Chung grants and encourages use for personal and educational purposes, with the exception of textbook. No images are in the Public Domain. Use of any image as the basis for another photographic concept or illustration is a violation of copyright.